According to the 2025 meta-analysis by Alfalasi and colleagues, sublingual B12 showed an approximate 199% mean increase in serum B12 compared to approximately 307% for intramuscular injections
Anti-doping laboratories use liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry, often called LC-HRMS
If it impacts the testicular microenvironment, it could enhance sperm count or motility, but data are limited and the mechanism is different than how it might act in ovaries or endometrium
And even if we use sterile water for injection (WFI, water for injection ), we run into another problem: as soon as you pierce the rubber stopper of the vial with a needle and withdraw part of the solution, bacteria from the air can enter the remainder through the same opening
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People over 60 are most likely to have B12 deficiency