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Ans: Lethargy, poor appetite, weight loss, a dull coat, skin issues, and anemia can all point toward low B12 levels in pets
Unit confusion is the most common reconstitution error
Unlike most vitamins, B12 has a uniquely complex absorption pathway: Stomach acid and pepsin release B12 from food proteins B12 binds to R-proteins (haptocorrins) in saliva and stomach Pancreatic enzymes release B12 from R-proteins in the small intestine B12 binds to intrinsic factor (produced by gastric parietal cells) The B12-intrinsic factor complex is absorbed in the terminal ileum A breakdown at any of these five steps causes deficiency which is why B12 deficiency is far more common than dietary intake alone would predict
Years ago, I read that the late Bruno Bartoletti, conductor of the Lyric Opera orchestra, would not go onstage unless hed had a B12 injection earlier that day
It plays a very important role in detoxifying the body
Guidance for industry: Immunogenicity assessment for therapeutic protein products
