Common indications include: Pernicious anaemia an autoimmune condition where the stomach cannot produce intrinsic factor, a protein necessary for B12 absorption [8] [9] Malabsorption disorders including Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, or following gastric surgery Strict vegan or vegetarian diets with confirmed deficiency though high-dose oral B12 may be sufficient if no malabsorption exists Certain medications such as metformin or proton pump inhibitors that may interfere with B12 absorption [9] [10] Neurological symptoms including peripheral neuropathy, memory problems, or balance difficulties related to deficiency Diagnosis should be confirmed through blood tests measuring serum B12 levels, full blood count, folate, and often anti-intrinsic factor antibodies
The picomolar-to-nanomolar concentrations in the Pyo 2007 study (PMID 17703734) describe what was effective on cells in a dish
The spectrum of action here ranges from the treatment of severe mental illness, which can be partially or even completely cured through B12 therapy, to the treatment of minor sleep disorders
When hydroxocobalamin is given in high doses (such as during cyanide poisoning treatment), unique effects can be observed: patients often experience a transient reddening of the skin or mucous membranes and a reddish discoloration of the urine due to drug excretion
Saves time and the cost of frequent clinic visits
(2013) Epitopes of microbial and human heat shock protein 60 and their recognition in myalgic encephalomyelitis
