It supplies energy, buffers pH, and carries signaling molecules that affect both sperm and the female tract
Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) is sometimes mentioned as an alternative
Increasing GSH through synthesis would also seem to be useful therapeutically but as oxidants and most electrophiles would not seem appropriate, natural compounds such as curcumin, a principal ingredient of curry powder (Dickinson et al., 2003), and sulforaphane, a potent Phase II gene-inducing compound in broccoli, (Brooks et al., 2001) have been proposed but none of these natural has actually become a major therapeutic agent
However, these effects were short-lived and resolved within several hours
An increased Ca/Mg might also impact this, as Mg ++ is required to synthesize cAMP and cGMP that mediate the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus (Persson, 2003)
Moderate ROS can reinforce PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 activation, whereas excessive accumulation induces oxidative stress and inactivates key components, shifting the balance toward cell death [48, 49]