Hypothyroidism contributes to OxS through an inefficient antioxidant defence system, opposite to hyperthyroidism, where increased ROS production promotes OxS and oxidative damage of thyroid cells ( Figure 1 ) ( 5.1 Thyroid dysfunctions and OxS 5.1.1 Hypothyroidism Even in its subclinical form, hypothyroidism reduces antioxidant system activity, which promotes OxS, causing oxidative damage and altered lipid metabolism in thyroid cells (84)
During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals with thyroid diseases (mostly autoimmune) showed lower adherence to the MeD, higher prevalence of overweight, and reduced physical activity compared with controls, further supporting the benefits of healthy lifestyle choices [176]
Another measurable parameter is heart rate reserve, i.e., the difference between the resting heart rate and the rate during a maximal effort
Does omega-3 improve glutathione absorption
Dawson MI
Front Plant Sci 15:1332583