After intestinal absorption, the formulation enters the liver directly through the portal vein, reducing first pass metabolism and significantly increasing blood drug concentrations
Example B: 5,000 mcg vial + 5 mL bacteriostatic water: Yields 1,000 mcg per mL
84 , 89 , 93 Hyperlactacidemia and an increased lactate/pyruvate ratio may result from several inherited metabolic defects of gluconeogenesis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, or the respiratory chain
This saves time and reduces the risk of contamination
GrieseMKapplerMEismannCBallmannMJungeSRietschelEet alGlutathione study group
Prx II is inactivated when its catalytic cysteine (Cys) is hyperoxidized to cysteine sulfinic acid during catalysis