Because the symptoms are so varied, B12 deficiency is often misdiagnosed, making accurate testing the only way to get a clear answer
Store the lyophilised vial at -20C, protected from light
Vitamin B12 injections are the most common way to prevent or treat a deficiency.
Most patients experience a minor pinch, but there is not a lasting ache that is usually felt with a vaccine shot (which is injected deeper into the muscle)
However, in human systems the outcome of boosting NAD+ is complex and likely involves numerous pathways, from enhanced activity of sirtuins (implicated in longevity and metabolic control) to improved DNA damage repair, all of which are areas of ongoing investigation
This is also true for people who are doing aerobic exercises who easily get tired because low B12 levels can sabotage their respiratory and circulatory systems, thus producing fewer results from their workouts