[25] Immune system Immune dysregulation Natural killer cell function is reduced [26] [27] Cytokine dysregulation [28] [29] [30] Elevated regulatory T cells [31] increased mast cell populations [32] elevated anti-cholinergic muscarinic, -adrenergic, [33] phosphatidylinositol [34] and serotonin [35] autoantibodies Reduced CD4+ function [36] and reduced CD4+ count [37] Reduced CD8+ function [36] and reduced CD8+ count [37] Lowered CD4+/CD8+ ratio [38] Increased proportions of effector memory CD8 + T cells [39] (these are rapid responders) Decreased proportions of terminally differentiated effector CD8 + T cells [39] (these kill infected or cancerous cells) Significantly increased proportion of mucosal associated invariant T cells (MAIT) cells (these cells control infections to stop from spreading), especially in severely affected patients [39] Chronic infection Enterovirus: Persistence of enteroviruses in muscle tissue
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* Correspondence: Yin Wang, [email protected] Disclaimer All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers
So there's a bunch of fascinating stuff on that
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 339:509518 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Kramr EA, Armstrong DL, Ikeda S, Wayner MJ, Harding JW, Wright JW
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