(Table 1)
After the percentage record of linear motile spermatozoa at 200 magnification under a phase contrast microscope in three different microscopic fields for each sample, the final motility ratio of frozen-thawed sperm motility in each group was calculated based on the mean of three successive estimations ( The frozen-thawed sperm viability was analyzed by eosin-nigrosin staining ( Giemsa staining of frozen-thawed spermatozoa (repeated in triplicated) was performed for the acrosome integrity assay ( After incubation with hypo-osmotic swelling solution [HOS, containing 6.75 g/L fructose and 3.67 g/L sodium citrate] at 37C for 1 h, plasma membrane integrity of each group (repeated in triplicated)was analyzed by evaluating the modifications of sperm tail to score swollen sperm according to previous publications ( For mitochondrial function assay, methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed

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And human studies are scarce
DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) is a neuropeptide investigated in experimental models for its involvement in sleep regulation and circadian rhythm signaling
Over the past four decades, there has been improved understanding of the accurate identification, quantitation, and pathophysiologic importance of the thyroid receptor antibodies (8-10), as will be further detailed throughout this chapter