Who should avoid AHK-Cu Individuals with copper metabolism disorders, specifically Wilson disease or Menkes disease, should not use copper peptides without medical guidance
Oral contraceptives that are high in estrogen put women at risk of a B12 deficiency
As the vitamin is water-soluble and passed through our kidneys in urine, regular replenishment through natural foods can be difficult to maintain
Options include: Changing from one oral tablet formulation to another with different excipients Discussing sublingual preparations as an alternative (though evidence doesn't suggest superior absorption to oral tablets) For those on injections, checking the specific product's SmPC for excipient information In the UK, hydroxocobalamin injection is the licensed first-line treatment for B12 deficiency requiring parenteral therapy
Each ingredient on its own is either Category A (B) or essential with no evidence of harm at normal levels (B, B, B) or Category C in very high doses (niacin)
Route: Intramuscular injection (into a muscle, such as the gluteus or deltoid) is the most frequent route for this therapy, as it allows the vitamins to be absorbed over time from the muscle depot
