This process involves the activation of a cascade of caspase enzymes, particularly caspase-3, which executing apoptosis through the cleavage of key intracellular substrates
Abbreviations AST: Asparutinate transaminase ALT: Alanine transaminase ALP: Alkaline phosphatase Bcl-3: B-cell lymphoma-3 BUN: Blood urea nitrogen CR: Creatinine COX-2: Cyclooxygenase DRP1: Dynamin-related protein 1 GSH: Glutathione GPx: Glutathione peroxidase GR: Glutathione reductase GSSG: Oxidized glutathione GGT: Gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase HO-1: Heme oxygenase IL-6: Interleukin-6 IL-1 : Interleukin1- IL-33: Interleukin-33 I-NOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase, JNK: C-Jun N-terminal kinases LPO: Lipid peroxidation MDA: Malondialdehyde MAPKs: Mitogen-activated protein kinases MKK4: Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 MAPK 14: Activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 MPO: Myeloperoxidase NO: Nitric oxide NOS: Nitric oxide synthase NF-B: Nuclear factor-kappa B NADPH: Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NAG: Urinary N-acetyl--D-glucosaminidase Nrf2: Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 ROS: Reactive oxygen species rutin: Rutin SOD: Superoxide dismutase SIrutin1: Sirutinuin 1 TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4 TRAF2: TNF receptor-associated factor 2 TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances p38: P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases XO: Xanthine oxidase References Abd El-Gawad HM, Khalifa AE (2001) Quercetin, coenzyme Q10, and L-canavanine as protective agents against lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide generation in endotoxin-induced shock in rat brain
gamma-Glutamylcysteine detoxifies reactive oxygen species by acting as glutathione peroxidase-1 cofactor
Sleep Support Peptide 2mg DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) is a natural neuropeptide that supports healthy sleep architecture by promoting deep restorative sleep, optimizing sleep cycles, and enhancing overall sleep quality without sedation or dependency
GHK-Cu is not FDA-approved for any indication
While Johnsons approach may be extreme, there are practical, evidence-based strategies that can support longevity without an exhaustive blueprint: Metformin Traditionally used for type 2 diabetes, Metformin has shown promise in extending lifespan by improving metabolic health and reducing age-related inflammation
