Assays, biomarkers, and phenotypic endpoints Biochemical and transcriptional readouts ERR target-gene panels spanning fatty-acid uptake/-oxidation (Cpt1b, Acadl/Acadm), OXPHOS (Ndufs, Uqcrc, Cox), TCA (Cs, Idh), and mitochondrial biogenesis (Ppargc1a, Tfam) provide proximal pharmacodynamic evidence of receptor engagement
[] Table 1 describes data from studies on this topic
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Use appropriately sized syringes for precision
More importantly, oxidant enzymes including mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I, complex II, complex III, as well as SODs, xanthine oxidase (XO), NO synthases (NOS), cytochrome p 450 enzymes (CYP), NADPH oxidases (NOX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), generate O 2 radicals which are quickly converted into H 2 O 2 , OH and other radicals [26]
