As previously explained, long-term methamphetamine induced effects are the result of a neurodegeneration of the dopaminergic system (Schep et al., There are three main biotransformation pathways (see Figure 2) involved in methamphetamine metabolic clearance: (1) N-demethylation to produce amphetamine, (2) aromatic hydroxylation producing 4-hydroxymethamphetamine (pholedrine) with both reactions partially regulated by CYP2D6 (Lin et al., Methamphetamine and CYP2D6 pharmacogenetics A review of the current literature for genetic-association studies of methamphetamine use disorders, including 38 studies and 39 genes, showed that 18 genes were found to have a significant genotypic, allelic, and/or haplotypic association
We then create a personalised IV formula tailored to your needs
Emerg Med J 2002
It can range from simple steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis, and eventually lead to irreversible liver cirrhosis (Tanaka et al., 2020)
GCN2 phosphorylates eIF2, leading to ATF4 induction and upregulation of downstream targets including CHAC1
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