Vitamin C A potent antioxidant that is only found externally
In immune responses, controlled ROS help kill pathogens, and GPx ensures they dont turn against host cells
A review on BPC-157 and gastric cytoprotection describes it as a stable gastric pentadecapeptide with anti-ulcer and tissue-protective effects and notes that it has been used in trials for ulcerative colitis
Called meso-zeaxanthin, this pigment is not found in food sources and appears to be created in the retina from ingested lutein
If that methionine residue plays a role in receptor binding or biological activity, oxidation can reduce or eliminate the peptide effect entirely
Everything below is either preclinical animal work, a theoretical concern drawn from the proposed mechanism, or self-reported community anecdote each labeled by source class so the evidence weight is never blurred