Common prodrug-converting enzymes used in engineered bacteria include cytosine deaminase for 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) [75, 335], various nitroreductases for CB1954 [336], the quinone reductase yeef for CB1954 [337], -glucuronidase for glucuronide prodrugs or related precursors [338], purine nucleoside phosphorylase for 6-methoxypurine 2-deoxyriboside (MoPdR) [339], herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase for ganciclovir [340, 341] and Neisseria meningitidis type I nitroreductase (NmeNTR) for PR-104A [342]
Banerjee, S., Mukherjee, S., Mitra, S., & Singhal, P
The phenotype of a knockout mouse identifies flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 (FMO5) as a regulator of metabolic ageing
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As of February 2026, both compounds have been reclassified as Category 1 peptides, meaning they may be compounded by licensed compounding pharmacies under a physician prescription
Topical use for skin texture, fine lines, and wound healing generates consistent positive anecdotes