Smoking and its impact on public health in South Korea has become a topic of heated public debate and litigation in recent years
Smoke output lower than average

According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2026 Report, COPD is defined by post-bronchodilator spirometry showing a fixed ratio of FEV1/FVC 50 mmHg) Altered mental status (hypercarbia) Signs of Lower Respiratory Infection (J44.0 trigger) Fever, productive purulent cough, consolidation on CXR or CT chest Positive sputum culture, elevated WBC/CRP/procalcitonin Clinical diagnosis of pneumonia (J12J18) or acute bronchitis (J20.x) documented by provider Systemic / Advanced Disease Features Barrel chest (emphysema: hyperinflation, increased AP diameter) Prolonged expiratory phase, diminished breath sounds Clubbing (suggests comorbid bronchiectasis or malignancy not typical COPD alone) Peripheral edema, elevated JVP (cor pulmonale / right heart failure) Cachexia, weight loss (systemic inflammation) Cyanosis central (severe hypoxemia), peripheral Symptoms alone (dyspnea, wheezing, cough) should NOT be coded when COPD is established as the confirmed diagnosis

Short-term e-cigarette vapour exposure causes vascular oxidative stress and dysfunction: Evidence for a close connection to brain damage and a key role of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX-2)
According to wikipedia, Herbal cigarettes are also used in acting scenes by performers who are non-smokers, or -- as is becoming increasingly common -- where anti-smoking legislation prohibits the use of tobacco in public spaces.Herbal cigarettes are not viewed as physically addictive, as they do not contain addictive substances
both in the short and long-term