Epidemiology and the peoples health: Theory and context
Competing neurobehavioral decision systems theory of cocaine addiction: From mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities
The strength relies on the first systematized utilization of GBD 2019 data and methods to estimate the global burden of disease and its trends for lip and oral cavity cancer attributable to smoking by sex, age, and SDI
Thus, consuming cannabis mixed with tobacco through combustion, either rolled or in a pipe, became much more popular in Europe than elsewhere in the world, where vaping and direct ingestion are common methods of consuming marijuana
Most included studies were cross-sectional, limiting causal inference, and substantial heterogeneity, publication bias, and residual confounding remain important limitations
Many people believe that e-cigs or vapor devices pose no threat to health and safety, but a growing body of scientific evidence says otherwise