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Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-05-10

In addition, smoking-associated DNA methylation changes in lung, colon, and adipose tissues have been shown to mediate gene expression changes that could impact lung function and metabolic health [17, 18]

Our findings suggest that exposure to e-cig vapor can trigger inflammatory responses and adversely affect respiratory system mechanics. Experts in the field say that this first-stage exploratory research, which was conducted on lab mice, should have been initiated years ago before e-cigarettes gained market approval

The effects were also not affected by the order of treatment

The senescence-associated secretory phenotype is the secondary marker of cellular senescence [7, 8]