Similarly, among current tobacco smokers, e-cigarette smokers, and controls, it was evidenced that urinary excretion of biomarkers of exposure in individuals who ceased regular and electronic cigarette smoking decreased by 6698%, including NNAL (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol), carboxyhemoglobin, nicotine, and its metabolites (52) (Table 3)
Given how different it is from all other mouthpieces created in the last 100+ years (excepting the myriad P-Lip facsimiles from other makers and marques), that divisiveness is not surprising
In human studies, the pattern is alarmingly similar
For too long, states like New York and Minnesota, have allowed CCDBG to be subjected to waste, fraud, and abuse without any real action to combat this
End Notes 1
These options are better for daily use, especially in small enclosed car spaces