Notably, the chemical constituents of e-cigarettes, including nicotine salts, aldehydes, and ultrafine particles, provoke bronchial epithelial irritation and oxidative stress, thereby amplifying epithelial injury and sustaining pulmonary inflammation (55)
If you or a loved one are struggling to quit tobacco, the information on this page may help demystify one of the worlds most common addictions
Certain cancer therapies including chemotherapy and especially radiation treatments near the salivary glands in the head and neck region can cause dry mouth syndrome by reducing the amount of saliva production
When we think of ourselves as civilized, intelligent adults, we really have the frontal and prefrontal parts of the cortex to thank. The brain is composed of gray matterneuronsand white matterthe connective links between neurons characterized by the fatty, white, insulator-like substance called myelin
Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared (kg/m 2 )
However, in many cases the gynecomastia persists and surgical treatment may be necessary