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Over time, the confluence of these effects can cause damage to the lining itself and even potentially to the DNA of the epithelial cells
For Australias tobacco and nicotine sector, the dispute shows that a policy framework relying heavily on high excise rates and enforcement is facing new political pressure
However, notable adverse effects, especially from nicotine-containing e-cigarettes on cardiovascular and respiratory function, challenge the perception that e-cigarettes are harmless
J Altern Complement Med 2012;18:8549
Tessier, E., Garnier, C., Mullot, J