In the exploration/exploitation framework, the fact that mice continue to visit targets with the lowest reward probability in each of the gambles, despite intensive learning, can reflect (i) exploratory noise, generally modeled via decreased value sensitivity (or increased randomness) in the softmax model, (ii) directed exploration, if one considers that mice continue to explore locations associated with low reward probability to reduce the uncertainty associated with probabilistic omission and gain information of task contingencies, and (iii) uncertainty-seeking, which is neither really explorative nor exploitive, but considers that mice simply attribute a positive value to expected uncertainty, like a bonus for playing or gambling
Nobody says that all cancers are caused by smoking but the junk science does its very best to include as many different types of cancer as possible into the smoking dunnit syndrome
"This is a big step and may one day lead to a definitive stop to the sale of tobacco and nicotine," he said
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