2 While US doctors remain wary of e-cigarettes and seldom discuss them with their patients, 2,5 their popularity remains high among smokers
That pattern was in line with the theory that teens try e-cigarettes because they are curious about them and see them as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes
They work well for multi-leg trips where someone wants coverage without thinking about timing every few hours
Where ELF testing is not immediately available, primary care pathways often use non-invasive scores such as FIB-4 or the NAFLD Fibrosis Score, with referral to secondary care for further assessment (including ELF or FibroScan) if scores suggest intermediate or high risk
Involve industries that shape culture Maintaining the guardrails of public health is not just a job for the tobacco control community
Nicotine addiction may result from the stimulation of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and the nucleus accumbent, which are critical in drug-induced reward