Effectiveness of short message service text-based smoking cessation intervention among university students: a randomized clinical trial
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There was heterogeneity in the reported RRs across studies, but our meta-analytic method fit the data and covered the estimated residuals (Extended Data Fig
Other studies have also reached similar results, with Lambert and Hartsough (1998) finding tobacco dependence to be 40% in individuals with ADHD, compared to 19% for individuals without ADHD.[9] The reason why nicotine dependence affects patients with psychiatric disorders disproportionately higher is because people may attempt to self-medicate to alleviate symptoms of their mental disorders with nicotine