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Smoking is still the primary, causal risk factor leading to COPD, but environmental exposures, such as exposure to biomass fuel combustion, air pollution, and occupational exposures, and poor lung development (both pre- and post-natal) are increasingly recognized as important causes of COPD [3, 12]
There, he discusses what's on the horizon for research at PMI as we expand to develop products that go beyond tobacco and nicotine
These disparities emerge at a young age, as demonstrated in a 2025 cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 14 and under
In covering the intervening period, Ipsen argues that a seemingly pointless consumer item conquered an ever larger market and became ubiquitous in Italian culture and society (216)