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The most prevalent reason reported for increasing smoking was higher overall stress

Because there are so many variables, there is no accurate way to claim that every shisha session is equivalent to a fixed number of cigarettes

There is, they argue, no evidence of any harm from nicotine consumption and it would be crazy to impose tougher restrictions on e-smokes than on toxic death sticks that are freely available to buy on almost every street corner worldwide

They may therefore differ from those presented elsewhere on the ALA platform and users are encouraged to download a spreadsheet of the full AusTraits data for this species via the download CSV button to view the accompanying details about the data sources before further use

Research participants smoked 1.3 fewer cigarettes per day or 7.6% fewer from packs of 20 cigarettes, compared with the packs of 25 cigarettes

[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 196.Alomari MA, et al