Cells were seeded at a density of 5000 cells per well in 200 l fresh culture medium (DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin solution) into 96-well flat-bottomed microtitre plates (Costar, Corning, USA) and incubated at 37 C in humidified 5% CO 2 using AutoFlow NU-5510 Direct Heat CO 2 Incubator (NuAire, USA) for 24 hours before treatment
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Standard insulin syringes measure in 0.01mL increments (1 unit = 0.01mL), which sets a practical lower limit: concentrations below 100mcg/mL require drawing volumes under 0.05mL (5 units) for typical 2050mcg research doses, introducing significant measurement error
Selective Senescent Cell Clearance: The peptide exhibits potent senolytic activity by targeting the FOXO4-p53 axis, a key regulator of cell aging and the aging process
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Their integration offers synergistic advantages: proteomics uncovers dynamic changes in enzyme abundance, post-translational modifications and signaling pathways, wheras metabolomics captures real-time metabolic flux, substrate-product relationships, and metabolic bottlenecks ( This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying oxidative hippocampal injury in mid-late SAE using an integrated multi-omics strategy