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4.3 Relationship between tumor microenvironment and drug resistance The complexity and heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment provide multiple protection mechanisms for tumor cells to escape drug attack and is a major culprit of tumor resistance
Ca 2+ can directly activate antioxidant enzymes such as GSH reductase and catalase and SOD through which ROS clearance is mediated (Thompson et al
Glutathione injections are widely regarded as the most effective method of supplementation because they deliver this powerful antioxidant directly into the bloodstream
Astrocytes as main target of toxic encephalopathies Hyperammonaemia and hepatic encephalopathy Hepatic encephalopathy is a primary astrocytopathy caused by an increased level of blood ammonium
Each and every living organisms cell has its own antioxidant capacity to control them, if any condition that forces to cross the antioxidant capacity of the cell may denature the proteins, lipids, and finally spoil the cells
