The copper content of GHK-Cu formulations has been a theoretical safety consideration, given that excessive copper can be toxic - however, the amounts used in cosmetic and research applications are extremely small, the copper is tightly chelated by the peptide (reducing free copper availability), and topical absorption of copper from these products appears minimal and well below levels that would cause systemic copper accumulation or toxicity
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Skovgaard D, Svensson RB, Scheijen J, Eliasson P, Mogensen P, Hag AM, Kjaer M, Schalkwijk CG, Schjerling P, Magnusson SP, Couppe C (2017) An advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)-rich diet promotes accumulation of AGEs in Achilles tendon
BPC-157 has demonstrated broad beneficial effects across preclinical models (tissue injury, inflammatory bowel disease, and central nervous system disorders), giving rise to its reputation as a multi-system repair compound, according to a review published in Pharmaceuticals
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Stress increases cortisol, which initially suppresses inflammation but ultimately leads to cortisol resistance and rebound inflammation