Studies have found 12-58% of ergogenic nutritional supplements contaminated, 30% of online peptides containing incorrect amino acid sequences, 65% exceeding safe endotoxin thresholds, and 20% mislabeled according to USADA testing
[ 13 C 2 ]-Taurine (m/z 128 m/z 110
The potent radical scavenger is a master at combatting aggressive oxygen and hydrogen radicals, which can otherwise lead to cell and tissue damage
Putative pro-cognitive molecules shift the pattern of both low and high frequency waveforms toward normal patterns indicating improvements in synaptic function
Higher CD38 activity contributes to age-related NAD+ decline
CYP1A1 metabolism of estrogen, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and more CYP1A2 metabolism of caffeine, duloxetine, bupropion, aflatoxin B, and more CYP2A6 metabolism of nicotine, coumarin, and more CYP2B6 metabolism of ketamine, methadone, sertraline, and more CYP2C9 metabolism of warfarin, rosuvastatin, celecoxib, and more CYP2C19 metabolism of clopidogrel, some proton pump inhibitors, more CYP2D6 metabolism of some antidepressants, antipsychotics, more CYP3A4 metabolism of half of all prescription drugs CYP2E1 metabolism of fatty acids, alcohol, and some anesthetics Phase II detoxification genes: UGT, GST, Nrf2 Phase II detoxification involves taking the metabolites of phase I and modifying them to be easily excreted through conjugation with sulfur, glutathione, glucuronic acid, amino acids, or methyl groups
