Carnosine Carnosine is a dipeptide (-alanyine-L-histidine) with metal-chelating (contains several nitrogen donor atoms), antioxidant, reducing, and radical scavenging properties, mainly peroxyl radicals causing damage to biological membranes (Kohen et al
Proposed pathways include modulation of multiple neurotransmitter systems (influencing serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, GABA, glutamate levels), possible involvement of NMDA receptors, alpha-1 adrenergic signaling (e.g., potentiating pineal acetyltransferase activity), inhibition of somatostatin release via dopaminergic routes, reduced ACTH/cortisol for stress buffering, and stimulated growth hormone or somatoliberin secretion
Deficiency can lead to diverse health conditions, including megaloblastic anemia and neurological issues
Aronne LJ, et al
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Those who engage in detrimental habits such as over-consuming alcohol, drugs, or refined sugar, and those who smoke also have an increased need for glutathione