Its important because vitamin B12 is integral for many functions, including optimized cell reproduction, blood formation, protein, and tissue synthesis
"We might start with small joints, and if that works we would move up to larger joints like knees," Murphy says
To support precise administration in experimental settings, researchers have developed a nasal spray formulation designed for accurate and consistent delivery in preclinical models
A public supplier-selection guide could encourage acquisition or personal experimentation involving an unauthorised pharmacologically active compound
True clinical-grade testing requires pure, lyophilized powder backed by a multi-layered verification framework
The FDA has not evaluated these materials for treating or preventing disease